Ovulation induction is a medical procedure to stimulate the ovaries to release eggs. It involves the use of medications, such as Clomiphene or gonadotropins, to regulate or enhance ovulation in women with irregular menstrual cycles or fertility issues. This controlled ovulation is often employed in assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a fertility treatment that involves placing sperm directly into the uterus to enhance the chances of fertilization. This method is used to address issues like low sperm count or cervical mucus problems. IUI is a less invasive assisted reproductive technique compared to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and can be an effective option for certain fertility challenges.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique used in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF). It involves the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg to facilitate fertilization. ICSI is particularly beneficial for male infertility issues, such as low sperm count or poor sperm motility. This precise method enhances the chances of successful fertilization and subsequent embryo development.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves the fertilization of an egg by sperm outside the body in a laboratory setting. The process typically includes ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, egg retrieval, fertilization in a controlled environment, and the transfer of resulting embryos into the uterus. IVF is commonly used to address infertility issues, such as fallopian tube blockages, male factor infertility, or unexplained infertility. It offers a viable option for couples facing challenges in achieving pregnancy through natural means. The success of IVF can vary and is influenced by factors such as the age and health of the individuals involved.

Donor Insemination (DI): Donor sperm is used for insemination in cases where male infertility is a factor or for same-sex couples and single women. Fertility clinics in NSW offer DI services, and individuals or couples can choose from sperm donor programs.

Donor Eggs or Embryos: For women who are unable to produce viable eggs, donor eggs may be an option. Donor embryo programs are also available, involving the use of embryos donated by individuals or couples who have completed their own fertility treatment.

Legislation and Regulations: Australia, including NSW, has strict regulations regarding donor-assisted fertility treatments. These regulations cover the screening of donors, legal rights and responsibilities, and the anonymity or otherwise of donors.

Male infertility refers to the inability of a man to achieve pregnancy in a fertile female. Up to 45% of infertility in couples is male related. Common causes include low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or structural abnormalities. Factors such as age, lifestyle, and medical conditions contribute to male infertility. Diagnosis involves semen analysis and medical evaluations. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, medications, or assisted reproductive technologies like intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF).